English grammar: Paninian Perspective

Subject: Missing Accusative marker

Conventional View:

English is SVO  and  Hindi is SOV language
comparing apples with oranges!
 

English: SVO (Crucial Vibhakti information)
Hindi: SOV (A statistical observation; being an unmarked structure)

Paninian View:

English does not have an accusative marker  (counterpart of vibhkti ko2 at morpheme level)
Instead it has a Subject position!

Missing ko2 (Accusative vibhakti marker in Hindi)

English:	Rats	kill	cats.
Hindi:	चूहा{ब}	मारते~हैं	बिल्ली{ब}

{Hindi gloss (complete information at the morpheme level)}

To an ordinary Hindi reader it may sound ambiguous. whereas an intelligent Hindi reader would interpret this as
बिल्लीयाँ चूहे मारतें हैं (assumption: Hindi reader does not know English)

WHY ?

Consider : राम फल खाता है. Here also the karma vibhakti is missing. But the sentence is
unambiguous because of 'योग्यता'.
लता शराब नहीं पीती, शराब लता को पीती है.
Observation: Whenever something against योग्यता is to be stated, then necessarily
कर्म विभक्ती is required, as in the second part of the above example.

English does not have 'ko2' except 'him'
Then how does English work?
Consider:
	Rats kill cats  
	Cats kill rats
So आुपूर्वी matters.
 which आनुपूर्वी?

   First Observation: Position of object in active voice is immediately 
after the verb.
   However problem is complicated because of movements.
     * Sweets I like
     * Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown.
     * Never was the sea so calm!
     * Here comes the bus!
     * There are flowers in the garden.
     * It is raining
     * On the bed, hung a mosquito net monovalent verbs do not 
       pose a problem
     * John is tough to believe university will fire.
     * Mohan thought that survive the war Ram did.

आनुपूर्वी between the subject and
 the सकर्मक verb:


   Conclusion: Missing ko2 => Subject position in case 
of सकर्मक verbs

Where is Panini

• अनभिहिते (2-3-1)
• कर्तृकर्मणोः कृति (2-3-65)
• स्वतन्त्रः कर्ता (1-4-54)
• समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले (3-4-21)
• समानकर्तृकेषु तुमुन् (3-3-158)